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I spent last weekend elbow-deep in engine grease, hands tangled in the steel guts of my wife’s Mazda 3. It’s a good little car, but lately its bellyachings have sent me out to the driveway to tinker under the hood. I regularly hurl invectives at the internal combustion engine—but the truth is, I live for this kind of stuff.

I come away from each bout caked in engine crud and sated by the sound of a purring engine. For me, tinkering and repairing are primal human instincts: part of the drive to explore the materials at hand, to make them better, and to make them whole again. Cars, especially, have a profound legacy of tinkering. Hobbyists have always modded them, rearranged their guts, and reframed their exteriors. Which is why it’s mind-boggling to me that the Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) from the Copyright Office for tinkerers to modify and repair their own cars. “Two of EFF's requests this year are on behalf of people who need to access the software in cars so they can do basic things like repair, modify, and test the security of their vehicles,” says Kit Walsh of the EFF. “Because Section 1201 of the DMCA prohibits unlocking ‘access controls’—also known as digital rights management (DRM)—on the software, car companies can threaten anyone who needs to get around those restrictions, no matter how legitimate the reason.” The DMCA, more formally known as the Digital Millennium Copyright Act, is a copyright law that governs () what the public can do with creative content—things like music, movies, and software. Windows xp sp3 rus ustanovochnij zverj s drajverami programmi.

>So, what does copyright have to do with cars? Quite a lot, actually. Modern cars aren’t merely mechanical creatures; there’s more to them than engines and gearboxes.: a labyrinthine network of sensors and wires and software that is constantly measuring, communicating, and making adjustments to the engine, drivetrain, and suspension. A single car contains as many as 50 different ECUs—computer units that govern functions like acceleration and braking. You can buy a car, but you don’t own the software in its computers.

That’s proprietary; it’s copyrighted; and it belongs to its manufacturers. But if you’re tech-savvy and code-literate, it’s possible to crawl into that ECU and take control of it. To twist the programming into new shapes and make the engine perform to a set of parameters not authorized by the manufacturer. To make the car faster. Or more fuel efficient.

Or more powerful. They can’t resist, and they don’t. The internet is rife with tutorials and forums dedicated to car hacking. Most are relatively simple Arduino-based projects that add another layer of functionality to the car. But look a little harder, and you’ll find the hardcore hobbyists thrusting both hands into the brains of the beast. There are modders, like the creators of and OpenECU, who have built their own open-source software to tweak settings in their cars’ ECUs.

And there are hobbyists, like the folks behind, who have figured out ways to reverse engineer their cars’ communication network and raid it for data. There are even people —in case I should ever get curious about the ones and zeroes zooming around in the secret, inner-architecture of my car. “The automotive industry has churned out some amazing vehicles, but has released little information on what makes them work,”, a security researcher at Theia Labs and a proponent of hacking your own car.

The construction work is expected to be completed by October this year. The New Ulaanbaatar International Airport is a complex facility, and all main components have been built except for some additional works including the construction of a hangar and a garage for the vehicles of passengers and airport staff. A city with 100 thousand residents is planned to be built near the airport. Minister of Road and Transport Development Mr J.Bat-Erdene worked in Khushig Valley, Tuv province on January 2, overseeing the progress of the construction of the New Ulaanbaatar International Airport and a highway leading to it. The 32.2 km highway, connecting Ulaanbaatar with the new airport, is 31 meters wide and 60 cm thick with two lanes. Programma vcds 11112 rus vasya diagnost.

Craig’s literally written the book on DIY car hacking. “As vehicles have evolved, they have become less mechanical and more electronic,” Craig explains in the. “Unfortunately these systems are typically closed off to mechanics. While dealerships have access to more information than you can typically get, the auto manufacturers themselves outsource parts and require proprietary tools to diagnose problems. Learning how your vehicle’s electronics work can help you bypass this barrier”—something that could be incredibly helpful if, say, the ECU itself breaks down. Of course, if meddling with code isn’t for you, take heart: people do this professionally. There’s a that aren’t staffed by traditional gearheads.

Instead, they’re full of software engineers and developers, adept tech nerds that find their way into a car’s proprietary nervous system. Then they modify the engine specs for better performance: more speed, better fuel efficiency—whatever the car owner wants. Carmakers do not like this. A few years ago, they started putting up roadblocks—protection measures, like encryption—over the ECU. Locks, in short, to keep the over-curious out.